Gun laws in Australia are predominantly within the jurisdiction of, with the importation of guns regulated by the. In the last two decades of the 20th century, following several high-profile killing sprees, the federal government coordinated more restrictive firearms legislation with all state governments.

Gun laws were largely aligned in 1996 by the. In two federally funded and voluntary surrenders and State Governments' gun amnesties before and after the were collected and destroyed, more than a million firearms, possibly 1/3 of the national stock.A person must have a to possess or use a firearm. Licence holders must demonstrate a 'genuine reason' (which does not include self-defence) for holding a firearm licence and must not be a 'prohibited person'. All firearms must be by serial number to the owner, who must also hold a firearms licence. Contents.National legislative structure Following the shooting incidents at Port Arthur in 1996 and Monash University in 2002 the Australian state and territory governments, through the then Australian Police Ministers' Council (APMC) and Council of Australian Governments (COAG), entered into three national agreements that were responsible for shaping contemporary Australian firearm laws. Firearms were used by European settlers during theFirearms were introduced to Australia with European arrival on 26 January 1788, though other seafarers that visited Australia before settlement also carried firearms.

Lost odyssey wiki. The game's story revolves around a world nearing a 'magical industrial revolution', and Kaim's part in this story. The player takes control of Kaim, a man who has lived for 1,000 years, with no memory of his past. Kaim, who seems to want to forget his past, struggles with the return of his memories and the pain they bring.Lost Odyssey is produced by Hironobu Sakaguchi, the creator of the famed.

The 20-gauge is ample for most needs, but the more powerful 12-gauge is more versatile, and is by far the most popular choice among farmers and homesteaders. The shotgun is a useful tool in all its forms, but the two most commonly seen as heavy-duty working guns are the single-barrel and the slide-action. Fandom Apps Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat.

The colony of New South Wales was initially a penal settlement, with the military garrison being armed. Firearms were also used for hunting, protection of persons and crops, in crime and fighting crime, and in many military engagements. From the landing of the there was conflict with Aborigines over game, access to fenced land, and spearing of livestock. Firearms were used to protect explorers and settlers from Aboriginal attack. A number of punitive raids and were carried out in a series of local conflicts.The firearms issued to convicts (for meat hunting) and settlers (for hunting and protection) were stolen and misused, resulting in more controls. In January 1796, Colonel wrote that 'several attempts had been made to ascertain the number of arms in the possession of individuals, as many were feared to be in the hands of those who committed depredations; the crown recalled but of between two and three hundred arms which belonged to the crown, not more than 50 were accounted for'.Australian also used firearms in conflict with and armed such as the 1804 and the 1854.20th century Gun laws were the responsibility of each colony and, since in 1901, of each state.

The Commonwealth does not have constitutional authority over firearms, but it has jurisdiction over customs and defence matters. Federally the external affairs powers can be used to enforce internal control over matters agreed in external treaties. In New South Wales, handguns were effectively banned after but the sparked a new interest in the sport of pistol shooting and laws were changed to allow the sport to develop.In some jurisdictions, individuals may also be subject to (FPOs), which give police additional powers to search and question the individual for firearms or ammunition without a. FPOs have been available in since 1973, and are also used in.In October 2016, it was estimated that there were 260,000 unregistered guns in Australia, 250,000 long arms and 10,000 handguns, most of them in the hands of organised crime groups and other criminals. There are 3 million registered firearms in Australia.In March 2017, there were 915,000 registered firearms in New South Wales, 18,967 in the ACT, 298,851 in South Australia, and 126,910 in Tasmania. The other jurisdictions did not make the information public.In 2015, there were more private firearms in Australia than there were before the Port Arthur massacre, when 1 million firearms were destroyed.There has been an incremental move since the 1970s for police forces in the eight jurisdictions in Australia to routinely carry exposed firearms while on duty.

In the 1970s the norm was for police to carry a baton, with only NSW police carrying firearms. Since then, police have been authorised to carry a covered firearm, and more recently to carry an exposed firearm. The shift has taken place without public debate or a proper assessment of the vulnerability of police officers, but has taken place with public acquiescence. 1984–1996 multiple killings From 1984 to 1996, multiple killings aroused public concern. The 1984 was a major incident in a series of conflicts between various '. In 1987, the and the took place in.

In response, several states required the registration of all guns, and restricted the availability of and shotguns. In the in New South Wales, 1991, two were killed with a knife, and five more with a firearm.

Tasmania passed a law in 1991 for firearm purchasers to obtain a licence, though enforcement was light. Firearm laws in and remained relatively relaxed for longarms.Port Arthur massacre. Main article:The Port Arthur massacre took place in 1996 when the gunman opened fire on shop owners and tourists with two semi-automatic rifles that left 35 people dead and 23 wounded. This mass killing horrified the Australian public and transformed gun control legislation in Australia.Prime Minister pressured the states to adopt the gun law proposals made in a report of the 1988 National Committee on Violence as the National Firearms Agreement, resulting in the non-binding (NFA) between the Commonwealth and the States & Territories as the Constitution of Australia does not give the Commonwealth direct power to enact gun laws. In the face of some state resistance, Howard threatened to hold a nationwide referendum to alter the Constitution of Australia to give the Commonwealth constitutional power over guns.

The National Firearms Agreement included a ban on all semi-automatic rifles and all semi-automatic and pump-action shotguns, and a system of licensing and ownership controls.The held a series of public meetings to explain the proposed changes. At the first meeting, Howard wore a, which was visible under his jacket. Many shooters were critical of this. Some firearm owners applied to join the in an attempt to influence the government, but the party barred them from membership. A court action by 500 shooters seeking admission to membership eventually failed in the.requires 'just terms' (financial compensation) for property that is compulsorily acquired, so the federal government introduced the Medicare Levy Amendment Act 1996 to raise the predicted cost of A$500 million through a one-off increase in the.

The 'gun buy back scheme' started on 1 October 1996 and concluded on 30 September 1997. The reported that the scheme compulsorily acquired more than 640,000 firearms, many of which were semi-automatic rifles and shotguns (restricted as a result of the 1996 legislative changes) or old, antique and dysfunctional firearms. Monash University shootings. Main article:In October 2002, a student killed two fellow students at in Victoria with pistols he had acquired as a member of a shooting club. The gunman, Huan Yun Xiang, was acquitted of crimes related to the shootings due to but ordered to be detained in, a high-security hospital for up to 25 years.As in 1996, the Commonwealth Government, States and Territories agreed on a series of legislative changes known as the National Handgun Control Agreement (2002), resulting in the National Handgun Buyback Bill 2003, which provided Commonwealth funding for compulsory acquisition of handguns not meeting certain technical criteria. These changes were passed by State and Territory parliaments during 2003. Changes included a 10-round capacity limit, a calibre limit of not more than.38 inches (9.65 mm) (since expanded under certain criteria), a length limit of not less than 120 mm (4.72 inches) for and 100 mm (3.94 inches) for revolvers, and new shooter probation and attendance requirements for handgun target shooters.

Whilst handguns for sporting shooters are nominally restricted to.38 inches as a maximum calibre, it is possible to obtain an endorsement or special permit allowing the purchase and use of pistols with calibre up to.45 inches (11.43 mm) to be used for or matches.The 2003 changes contained an option for licensed handgun target shooters to have all handguns (including those not prohibited by the 2003 changes) to be compulsorily acquired in exchange for the voluntary surrender of their Category H (Handgun) licence for a period of five years. 2014 Sydney hostage crisis. Advertising for the 2017 National Firearms AmnestyOn 16 June 2017, the announced that a national firearms amnesty would commence on 1 July 2017 for three months until September 30, to hand in unregistered or unwanted firearms. The amnesty had been approved in March 2017 by the Firearms and Weapons Policy Working Group (FWPWG) to reduce the number of unregistered firearms in Australia following the Lindt Cafe siege in 2014, and the of an unarmed police civilian finance worker outside the headquarters in, Sydney.The firearms amnesty was the first national amnesty since the 1996 Port Arthur massacre.

In October 2017 Prime Minister said that 51,000 unregistered firearms were surrendered during the three-month amnesty, of the previous estimate of 260,000 unregistered guns. Measuring the effects of firearms laws in Australia Measures and trends in social problems related to firearms Some studies on the effects of Australia's gun laws have suggested that Australia's gun laws have been effective in reducing mass shootings, gun suicides and armed crime, while other studies suggest that the laws have had little effect. Polling shows strong support for gun legislation in Australia with around 85 to 90% of people wanting the same or greater level of restrictions. Nevertheless, conservative estimates are that there may be about 260,000 unregistered or prohibited firearms in the community, including assault rifles.Between 1991 and 2001, the number of firearm-related deaths in Australia declined by 47%. Suicides committed with firearms accounted for 77% of these deaths, followed by firearms homicide (15%), firearms accidents (5%), firearms deaths resulting from legal intervention and undetermined deaths (2%). The number of firearms suicides was in decline consistently from 1991 to 1998, two years after the introduction of firearm regulation in 1996.Suicide deaths using firearms more than halved in ten years, from 389 deaths in 1995, to 147 deaths in 2005. This is equal to 7% of all suicides in 2005.

Over the same period, suicides by hanging increased by over 52% from 699 in 1995 to 1068 in 2005.The number of guns stolen fell from an average 4,195 per year from 1994 to 2000 to 1,526 in 2006–2007. Long guns are more often stolen opportunistically in home burglaries, but few homes have handguns and a substantial proportion of stolen handguns are taken from security firms and other businesses; only a small proportion, 0.06% of licensed firearms, are stolen in a given year. A small proportion of those firearms are reported to be recovered.

About 3% of these stolen weapons are later connected to an actual crime or found in the possession of a person charged with a serious offence. As of 2011 and 2012, pistols and semi-automatic pistols were traded on the black market for ten to twenty thousand dollars. Research In 1981, Richard Harding, after reviewing Australian and other data at that time, said that 'whatever arguments might be made for the limitation or regulation of the private ownership of firearms, suicide patterns do not constitute one of them.

' He quoted a 1968 international analysis of twenty developed countries 'cultural factors appear to affect suicide rates far more than the availability and use of firearms. Thus, suicide rates would not seem to be readily affected by making firearms less available.' However, in 1985 Harding later supported laws to restrict gun ownership in New South Wales, saying laws contributing to slowing down in the growth of the Australian gun inventory are to be welcomed.In 1997, the Prime Minister, John Howard appointed the Australian Institute of Criminology to monitor the effects of the gun buyback. The institute has published a number of papers reporting trends and statistics around gun ownership and gun crime.In 2002, Jenny Mouzos from the examined the rate of firearm theft in Australian states in territories following the firearm regulation. She found that 'the NFA. Is having the desired effect: securely stored firearms are proving less vulnerable to theft.' In 2003, researchers from the examined firearm deaths and mortality in the years before and after firearm regulation.

They concluded that there was 'dramatic' reduction in firearm deaths and especially suicides due to 'the implementation of strong regulatory reform'.In 2005 of the stated that the 1996 legislation had little to no effect on violence saying the 'laws did not result in any acceleration of the downward trend in gun homicide.' Multiple studies have been conducted by Jeanine Baker and Samara McPhedran, researchers with the International Coalition for Women in Shooting and Hunting (WiSH). In 2006 their paper on the 1996 firearms legislation in the British Journal of Criminologyused an analysis and found little evidence for an impact of the laws on homicide, but did for suicide.

Described the article as 'reputable' and 'well-conducted' but also stated that 'it would be wrong to infer from the study that it does not matter how many guns there are in the community.' Simon Chapman stated the article ignored the Mass Shootings issue such as the Port Arthur Massacre. In 2012, McPhedran and Baker found there was little evidence for any impacts of the gun laws on firearm suicide among people under 35 years of age, and suggested that the significant financial expenditure associated with Australia's firearms method restriction measures may not have had any impact on youth suicide. In 2008 McPhedran compared the incidence of in Australia and New Zealand. The authors' conclude that 'if civilian access to certain types of firearms explained the occurrence of mass shootings in Australia then New Zealand would have continued to experience mass shooting events'.In 2006 Weatherburn noted the importance of actively policing illegal firearm trafficking and argued that there was little evidence that the new laws had helped in this regard.A 2006 study coauthored by Simon Chapman concluded: 'Australia's 1996 gun law reforms were followed by more than a decade free of fatal mass shootings, and accelerated declines in firearm deaths, particularly suicides.

Total homicide rates followed the same pattern. Removing large numbers of rapid-firing firearms from civilians may be an effective way of reducing mass shootings, firearm homicides and firearm suicides.' In 2007, a published in the 's researched nationwide firearm suicides.

They said that the analysis was consistent with the hypothesis that 'measures to control the availability of firearms. Have resulted in a decline in total suicide rates' and recommended further reduction in the availability of lethal means.A 2008 study on the effects of the firearm buybacks by Wang-Sheng Lee and Sandy Suardi of and studied the data and concluded 'the NFA did not have any large effects on reducing firearm homicide or suicide rates.' In 2009 a study published in the Journal of Sociology examined the rate of firearm suicide in Queensland. They found that 'gun suicides are continuing to decrease in Queensland' and is 'most likely as a function of ongoing gun controls'.In 2009 another paper from the Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention at Griffith University also studied suicide in Queensland only. The said 'No significant difference was found in the rate pre/post the introduction of the NFA in Queensland; however, a significant difference was found for Australian data, the quality of which is noticeably less satisfactory.' A 2010 study by Christine Neill and Andrew Leigh found the 1997 gun buyback scheme reduced firearm suicides by 74% while having no effect on non-firearm suicides or substitution of method.In 2011 Many studies have followed, providing varying results stemming from different methodologies and areas of focus. And Mary Vriniotis of Harvard University, funded by the summarised the research in 2011 and concluded; “it would have been difficult to imagine more compelling future evidence of a beneficial effect.” They said that a complication in evaluating the effect of the NFA was that gun deaths were falling in the early 1990s.

Alpers, Philip (11 June 2014). In two nationwide, federally funded gun buybacks, plus large-scale voluntary surrenders and state gun amnesties both before and after Port Arthur, Australia collected and destroyed more than a million firearms, perhaps one-third of the national stock. Retrieved 6 May 2019. NSW legislation. Retrieved 24 February 2018. Australian Institute of Criminology.

Australian Government. Retrieved 21 December 2017.

This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the license. ^ Library of Congress: This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the. (NSW). (NSW). (Vic).

(Qld). (WA). (SA). (Tas).

(NT). (ACT).

(Cth). ^ (PDF).

Retrieved 23/03. Check date values in: access-date=. NSW Police Force. In ACT: Firearms Act 1996 (ACT) (2)(a); In NSW: Firearms Act 1996 (NSW) (1); In Qld: (Qld) Schedule 2; In SA: for definition of 'antique firearm', see Firearms Act 2015 (SA), for exemption, see: Firearms Regulations 2017 (SA). In Vic: definition of an 'antique firearm', see (Vic) section 3, for licensing, see sections 22–23; In Tas: Firearms Act 1996 (Tas) (1); In WA: Firearms Act 1973 (WA) (1)(b). Retrieved 23 March 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2020.

Washington Examiner. 15 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2020. (PDF). Retrieved 23 March 2020. ^ O'Malley, Nick (5 October 2017).

The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media.

Retrieved 13 October 2017. ^ Wahlquist, Calla (4 October 2017). The Guardian. Retrieved 13 October 2017.

Retrieved 21 May 2019. Gothe-Snape, Jackson (12 October 2017). Retrieved 13 October 2017. Christopher Halls 1974, Guns in Australia, Paul Hamlyn Pty Ltd Dee Why NSW. Collins, David (1804). Cadell. Mills, Tammy (5 June 2018).

Up to 10 people on Victoria’s terror watch list have been hit with firearm prohibition orders, meaning they can be searched by police at any time without a warrant. Retrieved 5 May 2019. ^ Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission,.

Lorna Knowles, and Alison Branley (11 October 2017). Private gun owners are stockpiling arsenals of more than 300 firearms in suburban homes in some parts of the country, according to new data obtained by the Greens.

Retrieved 5 May 2019. Alpers, Philip (28 April 2016). The proud claim that Australia may have “solved the gun problem” might only be a temporary illusion. In recent years, arms dealers have imported more guns than ever before. And last year we crossed a symbolic threshold: for the first time in 20 years, Australia’s national arsenal of private guns is larger than it was before the Port Arthur massacre. The Conversation. Retrieved 5 May 2019., by Rick Sarre, Associate Professor, University of South Australia, 1996.

Duncan Chappell (2004). Australian Institute of Criminology. Retrieved 2 March 2018. John Howard. New York Times.

Retrieved 19 February 2018. Guerrera, Orietta (28 April 2006). Melbourne. Nicholson (17 June 1996). ' 'E's carrying on like some kind of Nazi'.

The Australian. Dore, Christopher (6–27 May 1997). 'The Smoking Guns Buyback'. The Weekend Australian. Reardon, Dave (10 June 1996). 'Progun Liberals Recruit for Party'. The West Australian.

Atkins, Dennis (26 June 1996). 'Libs on Alert for Pro-Gun Infiltration'. The Brisbane Courier Mail. 'Shooter Rejected'.

Border Mail – Albury. 22 February 1997. (PDF). Australian Auditor-General. Archived from (PDF) on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2015. Topsfield, Jewel (18 June 2004).

Fairfax Media. Retrieved 26 December 2015. Australian Institute of Criminology. Retrieved 10 June 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2019. Hudson, Phillip (1 February 2004).

17 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014. Coultan, Mark (28 August 2015). NSW Deputy Premier Troy Grant said that penalties for firearm offences will be increased, with a new offence of possession of a stolen firearm, which will carry a maximum penalty of 14 years jail.

So, what has this game got to offer? Tracks the train set game achievements.

There will also be a ban on possessing blueprints for firearms capable of being used by 3D printers, as well as unlicensed milling machines. The Australian.

Retrieved 26 December 2015. Barbour, regional affairs reporter Lucy (19 October 2016). Retrieved 23 March 2020. Farrell, Paul (19 October 2016). The Guardian.

Retrieved 23 March 2020. Brew, Nigel. Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 9 May 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2015. ^ Minister for Justice Michael Keenan (16 June 2017). (Press release).

Archived from on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2017. Sydney Morning Herald.

16 June 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2017. Victoria Police. 19 July 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017. 6 October 2017. 7111, corporateName=Commonwealth Parliament; address=Parliament House, Canberra, ACT, 2600; contact=+61 2 6277.

Www.aph.gov.au. Chapman, Simon (13 March 2018). Over the 18 years prior to 1996, mass shootings occurred here at a rate of about three every four years. Had they continued at this rate then, under our rare events model, the expected number of mass shooting incidents since 1996 would by March 2018 have been 16.3. John Howard’s historic leadership in implementing our gun law reforms therefore seems likely to have averted some 16 mass shootings in this country. Retrieved 2 May 2019. ^ Large, Matthew; Nielssen, Olav.

Cite journal requires journal=. ^ Lee, Wang-Sheng; Suardi, Sandy (2010). 'The Australian Firearms Buyback and Its Effect on Gun Deaths'. Contemporary Economic Policy.

28 (1): 65–79. ^ McPhedran, Samara; Baker, Jeanine (2011).

'Mass shootings in Australia and New Zealand: A descriptive study of incidence'. Justice Policy Journal. Essential Research. 21 July 2015. ^ (PDF).

Essential Research. 1 November 2016. ^ Nick O'Malley, Sean Nicholls. Tenterfield Star. ^ Nick O'Malley, Sean Nicholls (7 October 2017).

Advocacy against the 1996 gun laws puts shooters associations and parties considerably out of step with Australian popular opinion. In November last year a survey by Essential Research found 89 per cent of Australians thought our gun laws were either 'about right' or 'not strong enough' while just 6 per cent thought they were 'too strong'. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 10 January 2018.

Jenny Mouzos; Catherine Rushforth (November 2003). Australian Institute of Criminology.

Retrieved 6 September 2017.This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the license. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2 December 2003). (PDF). Australian Bureau of Statistics (14 March 2007).

(PDF). Bricknell, S (2008). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 4 March 2018. Harding, Richard (1981). Firearms and Violence in Australian Life.

Perth: University of Western Australia Press. P. 119. Newton, George; Zimring, Franklin (1968). Report Submitted to the National Commission on the Causes & Prevention of Violence. Retrieved 8 February 2016. Harding, Richard.

(PDF) (Report). P. 32. Mouzos, Jenny (2000). Trends & Issues in Crime & Criminal Justice. ^ Mouzos, Jenny (2002).

Trends & Issues in Crime & Criminal Justice. Ozanne-Smith, J (2004). Injury Prevention. 10 (5): 280–286. Wainwright, Robert (29 October 2005).

Gun ownership is rising and there is no definitive evidence that a decade of restrictive firearms laws has done anything to reduce weapon-related crime, according to NSW's top criminal statistician. Retrieved 12 May 2019. Weatherburn, Don (1 November 2005). The fact is, however, that the introduction of those laws did not result in any acceleration of the downward trend in gun homicide. They may have reduced the risk of mass shootings but we cannot be sure because no one has done the rigorous statistical work required to verify this possibility. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

Baker, Jeanine; McPhedran, Samara (18 October 2006). British Journal of Criminology. 47 (3): 455–469. Archived from on 23 October 2006. Retrieved 26 October 2006., The Law Report, 31 October 2006. McPhedran, Samara; Baker, Jeanine (2012).

'Suicide Prevention and Method Restriction: Evaluating the Impact of Limiting Access to Lethal Means among Young Australians'. Archives of Suicide Research. 16 (2): 135–146. Don Weatherburn (16 October 2006). Retrieved 21 November 2006. Chapman, Simon; P Alpers, P; Agho, K; Jones, M (2006). Injury Prevention.

12 (6): 365–72. Tait, Gordon; Carpenter, Belinda (2009). 'Firearm suicide in Queensland'. Journal of Sociology. 46 (1): 83–98. Klieve, Helen; Barnes, Michael; De Leo, Diego (2008). 'Controlling firearms use in Australia: has the 1996 gun law reform produced the decrease in rates of suicide with this method?'

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 44 (4): 285–292.

Leigh, Andrew; Neill, Christine (2010). Am Law Econ Rev. 12 (2): 462–508.

Hemenway, David; Vriniotis, Mary (Spring 2011). Bulletins (4). Archived from (PDF) on 2 May 2013. Lemieux, Frederic; Bricknell, Samantha; Prenzler, Tim (2015). 'Mass shootings in Australia and the United States, 1981-2013'.

Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice. 1 (3): 131–142. Jabour, Bridie (13 October 2014). The Guardian. Taylor, Benjamin; Li, Jing (2015).

International Review of Law and Economics. 42: 72–78. Dudley, Michael J; Rosen, Alan; Alpers, Philip A; Peters, Rebecca (2016). 'The Port Arthur massacre and the National Firearms Agreement: 20 years on, what are the lessons?'

The Medical Journal of Australia. 204 (10): 381–383. Lankford, Adam (2016). 'Public Mass Shooters and Firearms: A Cross-National Study of 171 Countries'. Violence and Victims. 31 (2): 187–199. Andreyeva, Elena; Ukert, Benjamin (2017).

'11 Do firearm regulations work? Evidence from the australian national firearms agreement': A4.2–A4. Cite journal requires journal=. Ukert, Benjamin; Andreyeva, Elena; Branas, Charles C. (29 October 2017). 'Time series robustness checks to test the effects of the 1996 Australian firearm law on cause-specific mortality'.

Journal of Experimental Criminology. 14 (2): 141–154. 25 March 2006 at the Australia's Answer to Carnage: a Strict Law, Jeff Brazil and Steve Berry, 27 August 1997. 24 August 2006 at the John Howard radio interview, 20 March 1998., Canberra, 28 May 2002. That is one of the difficulties and we will find any means we can to further restrict them because I hate guns. I don';t think people should have guns unless they';re police or in the military or in the security industry.

There is no earthly reason for people to haveordinary citizens should not have weapons. We do not want the American disease imported into Australia. Australian Government. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 17 April 2002. Archived from on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2016.

Let me say that in the ebbing and flowing debate on the availability of weapons, I am firmly on the side of those who believe that it would be a cardinal tragedy if Australia did not learn the bitter lessons of the United States regarding guns. I have no doubt that the horrific homicide level in the United States is directly related to the plentiful supply of guns. How else does one explain the simple fact that in the United States the murder rate is 10 per 100,000, against one per 100,000 in England and Wales and 2.0 in Australia. Whilst making proper allowance for legitimate sporting and recreational activities and the proper needs of our rural community, every effort should be made to limit the carrying of guns in Australia. Retrieved 16 March 2016. Oh I recall that very vividly. I recall the extraordinary outpouring of amazement and grief in the country and I knew out of that there was an opportunity to grab the moment and to bring about a fundamental change in gun laws in this country.

I did not want Australia to go down the American path. There are some things about America I admire, there are some things I don't and one of the things I don't admire about America is an almost drooling, slavish love of guns. I think they're evil. Australian Government. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 1 March 2006.

Archived from on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2016. SSAA National (November 2007). Capital News.

Archived from on 21 September 2009. Retrieved 6 July 2009. SSAA National (August 2010). Archived from on 28 November 2010.

Retrieved 10 August 2010. Tomazin, Farrah; Houston, Cameron (28 March 2018). Fairfax Media. Retrieved 10 June 2018. Hudson, Phillip (25 October 2002).

Melbourne. Peters, Rebecca (28 April 2006). Archived from on 7 May 2006. Australian Human Rights Commission. 31 January 2013.

Retrieved 8 March 2016. Lee, Samantha (2003). Churchill Fellowship Research Paper. Archived from (PDF) on 20 June 2005. Retrieved 21 September 2005.

Cite journal requires journal=. Liverani, Mary Rose (July 2005). Journal of the Law Society of New South Wales.

Coorey, Phillip (27 April 2006)., radio, 27 April 2006. Archived from on 2 September 2012.

Retrieved 31 August 2012. Archived from on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2012.

Cite journal requires journal=. SSAA National (October 2013). Retrieved 12 October 2013. SSAA National (June 2008).

Archived from on 28 June 2009. Retrieved 6 July 2009. Cite journal requires journal=. 27 September 2009 at the, SSAA presentation at Goroka Gun Summit, 2005. 23 September 2009 at the, SSAA media release, November 2004.

Sporting Shooters Association of Australia. Archived from on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-01. Pistol Australia.

Retrieved 30 January 2016. Accessed 12 October 2013. NSW Parliament. Retrieved 10 June 2019. McGowan, Michael (6 March 2018). Retrieved 7 March 2018. Archived from on 15 March 2018.

Archived from on 26 August 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2012. Charley, Peter (26 March 2019). Retrieved 28 March 2019. Charley, Peter (28 March 2019).

Retrieved 28 March 2019. ^ Murphy, Katharine; Karp, Paul (27 March 2019). Retrieved 28 March 2019.

^ Wolfe, Natalie (28 March 2019). Retrieved 28 March 2019. Clarke, Melissa (27 March 2019). Retrieved 28 March 2019. Hanson, Pauline (26 March 2019). Archived from on 28 March 2019.

Retrieved 28 March 2019. Crabb, Annabel (28 March 2019). Retrieved 28 March 2019.Notes.